Pigmentation disorders involve changes in skin color caused by altered melanin production or distribution.
Why lasers and energy-based devices can trigger post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, who is most at risk, and what the evidence supports to prevent and treat it.
What solar lentigines are, how they differ from other pigmented spots, and what the evidence supports for lasers, IPL, cryotherapy, peels, and topical agents.
How clinicians tell melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and solar lentigines apart, why it changes treatment and prognosis, and the evidence-based options for each.